Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes painful lumps, abscesses, and tunnels (sinus tracts) under the skin. It most commonly affects areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts.

The exact cause of HS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve blockage of hair follicles followed by inflammation and infection. Factors such as genetics, hormones, smoking, and excess body weight may increase the risk or worsen symptoms.

HS typically begins after puberty and can vary in severity. Early stages may present as small, painful nodules, while more advanced cases can lead to recurrent abscesses, scarring, and interconnected tunnels beneath the skin. These lesions may drain pus or have an unpleasant odor and can significantly affect quality of life due to pain and discomfort.

Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical examination and the pattern of recurrent lesions in characteristic body areas. There are no specific blood tests for HS, but imaging or biopsy may occasionally be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment depends on severity and may include topical or oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, hormonal therapy, or biologic drugs that target the immune system. In more severe cases, surgical procedures may be needed to remove affected skin or drain persistent abscesses. Lifestyle changes such as weight management and smoking cessation can also help improve symptoms.

Although HS is a long-term condition, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can reduce flare-ups, manage symptoms, and improve overall quality of life.