Keloids

Keloids are raised, thickened scars that form when the body produces excess collagen during the healing process of a skin injury. Unlike normal scars, keloids grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound and may continue to enlarge over time.

They can develop after a variety of skin injuries, including cuts, surgical incisions, burns, acne, piercings, or even minor skin trauma. Keloids are more common in individuals with darker skin tones and may have a genetic predisposition.

Keloids typically appear as firm, smooth, and shiny raised areas on the skin. They may be pink, red, purple, or darker than the surrounding skin. While they are not cancerous, they can cause itching, tenderness, pain, or cosmetic concerns depending on their size and location.

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination based on their characteristic appearance and history of skin injury. Imaging or biopsy is rarely required unless another condition is suspected.

Treatment can be challenging, as keloids have a tendency to recur. Options include corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and size, silicone gel sheets, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and surgical removal. In many cases, surgery is combined with other treatments such as steroid injections or radiation therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Overall, keloids are benign but persistent scars that can affect both appearance and comfort. Early treatment may help improve outcomes and reduce their progression.