Pectus Deformity

Pectus deformity refers to a group of conditions in which the chest wall develops an abnormal shape. The two most common types are pectus excavatum, where the breastbone (sternum) sinks inward, and pectus carinatum, where the chest protrudes outward in a rounded or “pigeon chest” appearance. These conditions are usually present from childhood and may become more noticeable during adolescence.

The exact cause of pectus deformity is not always known, but it is believed to involve abnormal growth of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum. In some cases, it may run in families or be associated with connective tissue disorders.

Symptoms vary depending on severity. Mild cases may only cause cosmetic concerns, while more severe deformities can lead to chest discomfort, reduced exercise tolerance, shortness of breath, or heart and lung compression in rare cases. Many individuals, however, have normal heart and lung function despite the visible chest shape difference.

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and imaging studies such as a chest X-ray or CT scan to assess the degree of deformity and its effect on internal structures.

Treatment depends on severity and symptoms. Mild cases may not require intervention, while moderate to severe cases can be treated with non-surgical methods such as bracing (especially for pectus carinatum) or surgical correction procedures like the Nuss or Ravitch technique for pectus excavatum. Physical therapy may also help improve posture and chest wall function.