Sebaceous Cysts

Sebaceous cysts, more accurately called epidermoid cysts, are common benign (non-cancerous) lumps that develop under the skin. They form when skin cells or keratin become trapped beneath the surface, creating a slow-growing, sac-like structure filled with a thick, yellowish material.

These cysts can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, neck, scalp, back, or trunk. They are usually round, movable, and painless unless they become inflamed or infected. In some cases, a small opening (punctum) may be visible on the surface of the skin.

Sebaceous cysts typically grow slowly and may remain unchanged for long periods. However, if they become infected, they can become red, swollen, tender, and may discharge pus with an unpleasant odor.

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination. Imaging tests are rarely needed unless the cyst is unusual in size, location, or appearance.

Treatment is not always necessary if the cyst is small and not causing symptoms. However, if it becomes painful, recurrently infected, or cosmetically concerning, it can be removed through a minor surgical procedure. Complete removal of the cyst wall is important to prevent recurrence.

Overall, sebaceous cysts are common and harmless in most cases, and treatment is simple and effective when needed.