HD Catheter procedures

A hemodialysis (HD) catheter procedure is performed to provide temporary or immediate access to the bloodstream for patients who require hemodialysis. It is commonly used when a patient needs urgent dialysis or while waiting for a more permanent vascular access, such as an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or graft, to mature.

During the procedure, a healthcare provider inserts a soft, flexible catheter into a large vein, most often in the neck (internal jugular vein), although the chest or groin may also be used in certain situations. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and imaging guidance, such as ultrasound and X-ray, to ensure accurate placement. The catheter has two separate channels—one to carry blood from the body to the dialysis machine and another to return the filtered blood to the body.

After placement, the catheter is secured with sutures or a securement device and covered with a sterile dressing to reduce the risk of infection. Patients receive instructions on keeping the catheter clean and dry, avoiding unnecessary handling, and recognizing signs of complications such as redness, swelling, fever, or difficulty during dialysis.

HD catheters provide effective vascular access for dialysis but are generally intended for short- to medium-term use because they carry a higher risk of infection, blood clots, and vein damage than permanent dialysis access. Whenever possible, patients are encouraged to transition to an AV fistula or graft for long-term dialysis treatment.