Thrombectomy

A thrombectomy is a medical procedure used to remove a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel in order to restore normal blood flow. It is performed in emergency or urgent situations when a clot is blocking circulation and causing complications such as stroke, limb ischemia, or failure of vascular access used for dialysis.

There are two main approaches to thrombectomy: surgical and percutaneous (minimally invasive). In a percutaneous thrombectomy, a doctor inserts a catheter into the affected blood vessel using imaging guidance. Specialized devices are then used to break up, suction, or retrieve the clot. In some cases, medications that dissolve clots (thrombolytics) may be combined with the procedure to improve results.

Thrombectomy is commonly used in conditions such as acute ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and clotting of arteriovenous fistulas or grafts used for hemodialysis. Restoring blood flow quickly is critical, as prolonged blockage can lead to tissue damage or permanent organ injury.

After the procedure, patients are monitored for recurrence of clotting, bleeding, or damage to the blood vessel. Additional treatments, such as blood thinners, lifestyle changes, or management of underlying conditions, may be recommended to reduce the risk of future clots.

Overall, thrombectomy is a life-saving procedure that helps rapidly restore circulation and reduce the serious complications associated with blocked blood vessels.