Poland Syndrome

Poland syndrome is a rare congenital condition characterized by underdevelopment or absence of chest muscles on one side of the body, most commonly the pectoralis major muscle. It may also affect the breast, nipple, and surrounding tissues on the same side, and in some cases involves abnormalities of the hand on the affected side.

The condition varies widely in severity. Some individuals may have only mild chest asymmetry, while others may have more noticeable differences in chest contour, underdeveloped breast tissue (especially in females), or missing or shortened fingers on the same side. Despite these physical differences, most people with Poland syndrome have normal overall health and life expectancy.

Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination and imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans to assess the extent of muscle and tissue involvement. Additional evaluations may be performed if hand or upper limb abnormalities are present.

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and cosmetic concerns. Surgical options may include chest wall reconstruction, muscle or fat grafting, and breast reconstruction or augmentation to improve symmetry. In cases involving the hand, reconstructive surgery or therapy may be recommended to improve function.